Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

This article presents an initial model of instructional design which directly links cognitive learning theory and instructional prescriptions. The major constructs of the model include components of ...

Cognitive learning is an active form of learning, that encourages children to make connections through play using thought, experiences and the child’s senses. The language we use when speaking to our ...

Scaffolding refers to a process in which teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem, and then step back, offering support to students as needed. It has mainly three features: contingency, ...

Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant shift in our understanding of the motor system. It is no longer viewed as a mere executor of motor actions, but rather as a system also engaged ...

Artificial intelligence may write award-winning essays and diagnose disease with remarkable accuracy, but biological brains ...