IN 1935, Alan Turing set out to build a reputation by outflanking the world’s leading mathematician. Turing was 22 years old, and a new fellow at Cambridge. His target, David Hilbert, was the ...

When he invented Turing machines in 1936, Alan Turing also invented modern computing. In 1928, the German mathematicians David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann proposed a question called the ...

"Turing believes machines think. Turing lies with men. Therefore machines cannot think," the irreducible Alan Turing wrote in 1952, months into an estrogen program designed by the British government ...

Alan Turing was a British scientist and a pioneer in computer science. During World War II, he developed a machine that helped break the German Enigma code. He also laid the groundwork for modern ...

In his tragically short life, Alan Turing helped define what computing machines are capable of, and where they reach inherent limits. His legacy is still felt every day, in areas ranging from ...

In computer science and blockchain technology, the term “Turing completeness” describes a system’s ability to carry out any computation that a Turing machine is capable of. A Turing machine is a ...

David Craven does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

While the invention of calculus by Newton and Leibniz in the 17th century set the stage for the so-called industrial revolution and unleashed unparalleled analytical power to fast-track human ...